River has a lot
of advantages such as irrigation, fishing, water resources and sustainability.
Water become the main resources of human living but now days water resources
decreasing dramatically due to human activities which the water quality has
been impacted by water pollution and garbage. The case study to find the human
impacts and climate change is on Lower Chao Praya River where is the main river
in Thai which have 372 km of length can cover up to 160,000 km2
which is 30% of Thai’s area. However, the most contaminated site on Chao Praya
River is not clearly decided which cannot be mitigated which area have the most
impacts. We decide to propose the effective solutions for improving the Chao
Praya River’s water quality.
We used ten parameters which were used to find water quality
such as General Bacteria, Coliform, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate, Electrical
Conductivity (EC), pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and
Turbidity. Based on the parameter, we decided to compare with standard data of
parameter. We compared by graph analysis. Due to lack of information and have
not got the relation between each parameter. We proposed to used statistical
analysis which used variance data with standard data. Variance data from every
parameter have different unit. Hence, we compare it every parameter using
percentage. Each Parameter got the percentage level where we can to accumulate
it with every parameter. Total of the submission represent the highest
contaminated site where were influenced by main parameter on each site.
The highest site
is site H which have total 1.9269 followed by site F, third one is site G then
site E. Site A have less contaminated than site E. The three less contaminated
sites are site D, site C and the last is site B where have the lowest impact of
the water pollution. In here, we decided to discuss on the three most
contaminated sites on Chao Praya River. Firstly, site H where is Gulf of Thai.
The area is the boarder of Thai near ocean. The most parameter impacted to the
water quality on this site such as Nitrite and EC values. The high of Nitrite
value due to the drainage, sewage and industrial activities near the location.
The exactly high value of the EC in this site is impacted by the salinity where
is near of the ocean. Next one is Site F where in Bangkok City. We collected
data sampling on the Thammasat University Bangkok Campus. Its mean has a lot of
human activities as students and industrial life near location such as chemical
products and soon. Due to that the
parameters which impact to this site are phosphate by domestic waste water and
high of coliform bacteria which have the risk for the bug bacteria and impact
to the human health. The last site but not least is Site G where is Lat Pho
Canal. Mostly garbage and waste are stuck on the canal due to the stop of river
flow rate and can impact to the water quality near location. The most influence
parameter which impact to the site are COD and Nitrite. The high value of COD
because of the high level of organic matter which have toxic compounds or
acidic-basic components, on the other hand drainage, sewage and industrial
activity have the impact on high of Nitrite value.
Based on the most
contaminated site. We decide to propose the effective solution based on the
integration between Government, Residence and human living. The solutions such
as build of the septic system, dealing with garbage and rebuild the ecosystem
using green technology. Herewith, we would like to introduce further on each
approach solutions. On the septic system, mostly on industrial septic system
has already the criteria how to manage it. On the other hand the domestic waste
water hasn’t had the criteria yet, they just collect it by their selves.
Furthermore, the septic system on the domestic can be implemented by drainage
system to reduce the contamination and improve the water quality. The septic
system has several parts where is input the waste water flowing to the two
compartments septic tank to get the sediment of waste water. The water can flow
to the geotextile fabric pipe. During the flowing the waste water can be absorb
by soil absorption field using perforated pipe for effluent disposal. And the
last water can flow to the output pipe. On the septic system we need
integration between government who the Thai institutional environment which
should provide the financial support to implement the program and the residence
can have the opportunity to build this system on their house. The advantages of
this system can mitigate the water pollution but costly to implement it. Second
one is Ecosystem’s rebuild where have to build the green infrastructure to
plant the plant on the boarder of the river which have capability to absorb the
water and collect the water to the flow river. This system has advantages to
environment sustainability but need to take a long time. Packing out garbage
and replant trees along the river activity which can be implemented by recreationists
and volunteer from the neighborhood. The last one is dealing with garbage which
divided by high and low educated based on the residence. For the high educated
they just need give the instruction how to separate the garbage and implement
to take action. On the other side for low educated people need to increase the
awareness first about the collect a garbage by simulation approach, seminar or
by mass media to give the education. The activities including to clean-up area,
garbage classification and recycle, charging fee for garbage collection. Those
activities can reduce the amount of garbage but still need to take a long time.
Giving the solutions, every sector such as government, residents, should be
integrated to implement the proposed programs.
